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Night hag
A night hag is a fantastic creature from the folklore of various peoples which is used to explain the phenomenon of sleep paralysis. It is a phenomenon during which a person feels a presence of a supernatural malevolent being which immobilizes the person as if sitting on his/her chest. The word "night-mare" or "nightmare" was used to describe this phenomenon before the word acquired its modern, more general meaning. 〔''Folklore: An Encyclopedia of Beliefs, Customs, Tales, Music, and Art'', Volume 1, edited by Thomas A. Green, (p. 588 )〕 Various cultures have various names for this phenomenon and/or supernatural character.
==Sleep paralysis==
(詳細はSamuel Johnson in his ''A Dictionary of the English Language'' as ''nightmare'', a term that evolved into our modern definition. Such sleep paralysis was widely considered the work of demons, and more specifically incubi, which were thought to sit on the chests of sleepers. In Old English the name for these beings was ''mare'' or ''mære'' (from a proto-Germanic ''
*marōn'', cf. Old Norse ''mara''), hence comes the ''mare'' part in ''nightmare''. The word might be etymologically cognate to Greek ''Marōn'' (in the Odyssey) and Sanskrit ''Māra''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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